This chapter discusses the methods of inspection, maintenance, and repair of a pipeline. A means of shutting down the pipeline must be provided at each of its initial and terminal points. The emergency shut-down (ESD) systems must be equipped so that any shut down will register at the control center, and a positive alarm system will draw the attention of the person in charge of the control center to the event. The response time of an ESD valve should be appropriate to the fluid in the pipeline (type and volume) and the operating conditions. Instrumentation must be provided at the control center to register the pressure, temperature, and rate of flow in the pipeline. Any variation outside the allowable transients must activate an alarm in the control center. Relief systems, such as relief valves, are typically required to ensure that the maximum pressure of the pipeline does not exceed a certain value.